PROSTATE CANCER

Introduction:-

Prostate could be a organ organ gift solely in males.  It surrounds the neck of bladder & the primary a part of channel and condributes a secretion to the body fluid. The secretor is cone-shaped} in shape and measures three cm in vertical diameter and four cm in crosswise diameter.It has got 5 lobes anterior,posterior,two lateral and a median lobe.Since the primary a part of the channel have it any lesion within the prostate can turn out issue en passant excretory product.

Diseases of the prostate gland:-

1) Prostatitis:-

This is the inflamation of the endocrine attributable to microorganism infection.

2) Benign enlargement of the prostate:-

This is a non cancerous tumor of  the prostate seen when the age of fifty.  3,Cancer of the prostate:-This is that the fourth most typical reason for death from malignant diseases in males.

Cancer of the prostate.

Cancer of the prostate is directly connected with the male sex hormones(androgens).If the degree of steroid will increase the expansion rate of cancer additionally will increase.It is found that when the removel of testes there's marked reduction within the size of tumor.

Site of tumour:-

Prostate cancer is seen principally within the posterior lobe.Non cancerous enlargement is seen in alternative lobes.

Changes within the secretor in cancer:-

The secretor becomes exhausting with irregular surface with loss of traditional lobulation .Histologically prostatic adenocarcinoma is Associate in Nursing adeno carcinoma(cancer of the animal tissue cells within the gland)

Growth :-

Growth rate is incredibly quick in prostatic adenocarcinoma .The tumor compresses the channel and turn out issue in excreting.

Spread of tumour:-

Metastasis in cancer of prostate is incredibly early.

1) native spread:-

From the posterior lobe the cancer cells head to the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles.Tumour cells additionally move to the neck and base of the bladder.

2) bodily fluid spread:-

Through the body fluid vessels cancer cells reach the interior and external illiac cluster of body fluid nodes.From there cells move to retroperitonial(Behind the peritonium) and mediastinal body fluid nodes(in the chest)

3) unfold through the blood:-

Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic blood vessel structure and reaches the bone veins whereas coughing and innate reflex and at last enders the bone bodies of the body part vertebrae.

Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer:--

Signs and symptoms depend on the stage of the cancer. the subsequent symptoms could also be seen.

1) No symptoms:-

Tumour is tiny and solely within the posterior lobe. this is often diagnosed accidentely.

2) Slight issue in urination:-

Here the tumor is enlarged and channel is slightly compressed.Shortly there'll be frequent urge for excreting with tough excreting.

3) once the tumor unfold to all or any close areas as well as neck of bladder and channel there'll be painful excreting with trauma.Urine comes drop in drop.

4) Retention of urine:-

When the channel is totally compressed there'll be retention of excretory product.This can cause pathology, renal disorder ECT.In this condition patient might get convulsions attributable to renal disorder and at last coma.

5) Signs of metastasis:-

Some patients associate with the signs and symptoms of metastasis.

a) Lumbo sacral pain attributable to unfold of cancer cells to body part and sacral vertebrae.

b) Fracture of spine attributable to cancerous growth within the spine.

c) Swelling, pain and fluid assortment within the abdomen attributable to lesion within the abdomen.

d) metastasis complaints attributable to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs.

e) General weakness attributable to unfold of cancer to completely different elements of the body.

f) Anaemia attributable to involment of bone marrow and augmented destruction of RBCs.

Clinical examination :-

Includes per body part examination to feel the endocrine,palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours.Patient is examined from head to foot to search out out any lesions.

Investigations:-

1) Complete blood investigations;-

RBC,WBC,Platlets,ESR,bleeding time ,clotting time ECT.

2) excretory product analysis:-

Microscopic examination to notice pus cells,occult blood,casts,Crystals ECT.

3) excretory organ operate tests:-

Blood organic compound level,serum creatinine level,electrolyte level ECT.

4) blood serum acid phosphatase:-

Increased in cancer of prostate.

5) x-ray of the spine:-

To notice any tumor or fracture.

6) immoderate sonography;-

Gives plan regarding prostate,bladder,kidney ect.

7) C T scan:-

More elaborate data regarding organs and tumor.

8) imaging of the spine:-

Gives elaborate data regarding spine ,disc and close soft tissues.

9) Lymphangiography:-

Gives plan regarding bodily fluid unfold of cancer.

10) diagnostic test to substantiate cancer:-

Biopsy is taken from the tumor and is say histopathological examination beneath the magnifier.This will notice the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment:-

1) If there's retention of excretory product catheterisation is required.
2) chemical analysis if nephrosis.
3) If there's coma observance of all important functions beside parentral nutrition and electolyte provide.
4) Specific treatment is prostatectomy(removal of prostate)

Partial excision :-

Here solely the affected lobe is removed.

Radical excision :-

Total removal of prostate beside close lymphnodes.

5, endocrine medical aid :-

Stilbestrol is given to cut back tumor growth.Since this treatement will increase the prospect for upset phosphorylated diethyle nonsteroidal is employed today.

6) Chemotherapy:-Drugs like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ECT ar given.

7) irradiation is additionally in dire straits some cases.

8) Homoeopathy:-

Homoeopathic medicine like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ECT is given per symptoms.Constitutional homoeopathic drugs can offer nice relief and may increase the lifetime.

9) Yoga and meditation is additionally healpful.