"Work-life balance" is a buzzword in the business world -- frequently dropped into conversation, but rarely put into practice. Employee wellness programs and in-office yoga classes[1] are a start, but oftentimes, employees still struggle to keep up with unreasonable workloads and 24/7 mobile connectivity.


Particularly in Silicon Valley and on Wall Street -- where it's not uncommon for summer interns to pull 85-hour workweeks[2] -- balance is a somewhat mythological concept. But the truth is, for high-pressure, fast-paced tech industries, in particular, encouraging employees to scale back may lead to an increase in both profits and happiness.


Agile -- a management strategy devised by Silicon Valley software developers in the late 1990s, deemed the "best-kept management secret on the planet"[3] by Forbes last year -- is helping tech companies build more reasonable workloads for their employees while also improving their products.


In a recent VentureBeat blog[4] , Donna Wells, CEO of Mindflash -- an online employee training firm based in Palo Alto -- labeled Agile the "rational approach" to work-life integration.


"We run the company using an Agile development process which, when followed religiously, actually enforces some work-life balance," Wells writes on VentureBeat[5] . "Our results show that it’s possible to take a more rational approach to work-life balance and still achieve rapid growth and high returns."


At Mindflash, Wells explains, managers aren't just looking to empty "work-life balance" policies for bragging rights -- they're walking the walk in their everyday activities and interactions, with the help of Agile. She says[6] :


Maintaining a culture of work-life balance requires constant reinforcement. We’re regularly tempted to compromise these values due to business challenges and crises and sometimes new employees eager to demonstrate their passion and commitment by working crazy hours on a key project. But the team invariably self-manages back to our values in simple, but effective ways: people pulling late nights don’t get held up as heroes and they may even get a message from their boss saying that working crazy hours is not a company value.

The original "Agile Manifesto," written by 17 software developers, consists of the 12 principles[7] of management, including a focus on face-to-face over digital interaction, simplicity ("maximizing the amount of work not done"), and sustainable development. Some of the core group of developers then created the non-profit Agile Alliance to promote software development that follows those principles.


Since the manifesto was created in 2001, Agile has been implemented in a number of companies (some outside the tech world), and it's continued to gain traction in recent years as workers' stress levels have risen [8] and employee engagement has plummeted[9] in the American workplace.


For some companies, like Mindflash, Agile has been a way to redefine success -- an alternative to a workplace culture of stress and burnout that ultimately takes a toll on both employee well-being and the company's bottom-line profits.


"Compared to other start-ups I've been with, I think developers here are less stressed, more productive, and more confident that they're doing the best work of their careers," Wells tells The Huffington Post. "Those things make for a much more positive work environment than some of the alternatives I've lived through."


Here are four Agile principles that anyone can use to boost productivity -- and happiness -- at work.


Take breaks.


A major focus of the Agile program is creating reasonable workloads that allow employees to take the breaks they need to fuel productivity, health and well-being[10] . According to Wells, it's all about determining a team's output capacity and maintaining a sustainable pace without exceeding that capacity. Instead of working 80-hour weeks for a month before a big launch and then crashing afterwards, Wells' teams works 40-hour weeks for two months, yielding more and better results.


"It really forces a discipline that we all work within our capacity," she says. "Ultimately, in the long-term, you're much less productive ... if you try to run sprint and run 'death marches' than if you have a predictable pace that's actually sustainable."


Focus on what you enjoy and what you're good at.


The Agile method can boost happiness and productivity by allowing individuals to do the work they care about. Teams are self-managed, and they divide the workload so that employees can focus on what they do best and derive the most enjoyment out of. According to a 2011 Society for Human Resource Management survey[11] , 62 percent of employees said that the opportunity to use their skills and abilities was an important contributor to job satisfaction.


"That's critical -- it's a big aspect of allowing folks to do their best work because they're really in control of their won work day," Wells says. "It's much more empowering; it's much more satisfying than an archaic, top-down environment."


Eliminate unnecessary work.


Simplicity (i.e. eliminating work that doesn't need to be done) is one of the foundational principles of Agile, which strives to allow employees to spend the majority of their day on work that actually benefits the customer, rather than work that satisfies administrative or bureaucratic needs.


Giff Constable, Managing Director of Neo, a global software development consulting company based in New York, has seen the program have a humanizing effect, eliminating needless work and documentation so that team members can focus on more productive tasks.


"Agile broaches the question of, 'Are we working on the right things?'" Constable tells The Huffington Post. "You're not a drone on a factory line. You can actually use your brain, you can ask questions, you can be creative ... It's really empowering, and it can make the job a lot more fun."


Take time to reflect.


"We follow religiously the Agile precept which dictates that at the end of each 'sprint,' you have a session called 'retrospective,'" says Wells, describing retrospective as a time when every member of the team shares what was done well and areas of improvement. "It means that issues get aired, discussed and resolved, rather than being allowed to fester within a group."


Research has shown[12] reflection to be crucial to effective learning, particularly in the workplace. "It's very important for clearing the air and setting us up for success during the next sprint of work," Wells says.


Communicate face-to-face.


Agile can also boost satisfaction at work by fostering social connections. The Agile principles stress the importance of cutting back on email and increasing the amount of in-person brainstorming and problem-solving among teams, according to Constable.


Extensive research[13] backs up the idea that employees with strong relationships at work are happier, feel more passionate about their work and more connected to their employers, and are less likely to quit their jobs. A 1995 University of Georgia[14] study even found that the mere opportunity for friendship could increase job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness.


"To work lean and agile, you stop focusing so much on documentation and you rely much more on constant communication. Not meetings, but lots of little touch points," Constable says. "That in itself is humanizing -- you are freed from the drudgery of documentation and can instead talk to real humans and solve problems together."



Also on HuffPost:




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  • Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and CEO, News Corp


    News Corp CEO Rupert Murdoch recently <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/23/rupert-murdoch-meditation-transcendental_n_3131268.html" target="_blank">tweeted</a> that he was trying out <a href="http://www.tm.org/" target="_blank">Transcendental Meditation</a>, a popular technique developed in the 1960s and followed today by famous practitioners like Oprah, David Lynch and Candy Crowley. The media tycoon <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/23/rupert-murdoch-meditation-transcendental_n_3131268.html" target="_blank">said on Twitter in April</a>, "Everyone recommends, not that easy to get started, but said to improve everything!"




  • Padmasree Warrior, CTO, Cisco Systems


    Warrior, the chief technology and strategy officer of Cisco Systems, meditates every night and spends her Saturdays doing a "digital detox." In her previous role as Cisco's head of engineering, Warrior oversaw 22,000 employees, and she<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/technology/silicon-valley-worries-about-addiction-to-devices.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0" target="_blank"> told the New York Times in 2012</a> that taking time to meditate and unplug helped her to manage it all. “It’s almost like a reboot for your brain and your soul,” <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/technology/silicon-valley-worries-about-addiction-to-devices.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0" target="_blank">she said</a>. “It makes me so much calmer when I’m responding to e-mails later.”




  • Tony Schwartz, Founder & CEO, The Energy Project


    The Energy Project CEO Tony Schwartz has been meditating for over 20 years. He originally started the practice to quiet his busy mind, <a href="http://csp.org/practices/meditation/docs/schwartz-meditation.html" target="_blank">according to his book <em>What Really Matters: Searching for Wisdom in America</em></a>. Schwartz says that meditating has freed him from migraines and helped him develop patience, and he also advocates mindfulness as a way to improve work performance. "Maintaining a steady reservoir of energy -- physically, mentally, emotionally and even spiritually -- requires refueling it intermittently," <a href="http://blogs.hbr.org/schwartz/2011/12/how-to-accomplish-more-by-doin.html" target="_blank">Schwartz wrote in a Harvard Business Review blog</a>.




  • Bill Ford, Executive Chairman, Ford Motor Company


    The Ford Motor Company chairman is a big proponent of meditation in the business world, <a href="http://www.inc.com/articles/201110/more-and-more-entrepreneurs-meditate-how-and-why-you-should-too.html" target="_blank">according to Inc. Magazine</a>. At<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/soren-gordhamer/bill-ford-on-compassion-i_b_2781129.html" target="_blank"> this year's Wisdom 2.0 conference</a>, Ford was interviewed by leading American Buddhist teacher Jack Kornfield. Ford<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/soren-gordhamer/bill-ford-on-compassion-i_b_2781129.html" target="_blank"> told Kornfield</a> that during difficult times at the company, he set an intention every morning to go through his day with compassion. And to lead with compassion, Ford said he first learned to develop compassion for himself through a loving-kindness (<em>metta</em>) meditation practice.




  • Oprah Winfrey, Chairwoman & CEO, Harpo Productions, Inc.


    An outspoken advocate of <a href="http://www.tm.org/" target="_blank">Transcendental Meditation</a>, Oprah -- recently <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/06/26/oprah-winfrey-regains-no-1-slot-on-forbes-2013-list-of-the-most-powerful-celebrities/" target="_blank">named</a> the most powerful celebrity of 2013 by Forbes -- has said she sits in stillness for 20 minutes, twice a day. She's also brought in TM teachers for employees at Harpo Productions, Inc. who want to learn how to meditate. After a meditation in Iowa last year, <a href="http://www.oprah.com/health/Oprah-on-Stillness-and-Meditation-Oprah-Visits-Fairfield-Iowa#ixzz2XoJNWPAR" target="_blank">Oprah said</a>, "I walked away feeling fuller than when I'd come in. Full of hope, a sense of contentment, and deep joy. Knowing for sure that even in the daily craziness that bombards us from every direction, there is -- still -- the constancy of stillness. Only from that space can you create your best work and your best life."




  • Larry Brilliant, CEO, Skoll Global Threats Fund


    Larry Brilliant, CEO of the Skoll Global Threats Fund and former director of Google.org, spent two years during his 20s <a href="http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/commencement-2013-larry-brilliants-address/" target="_blank">living in a Himalayan ashram</a> and meditating, until his guru instructed him to join a World Health Organization team working to fight smallpox in New Delhi. In his <a href="http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/commencement-2013-larry-brilliants-address/" target="_blank">2013 commencement address</a> at the Harvard School of Public Health, Brilliant emphasized the importance of peace of mind, wishing the graduates lives full of equanimity -- a state of mental calm and composure.




  • Arianna Huffington, President & Editor-in-Chief, Huffington Post Media Group


    In a <a href="http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/arianna-huffington-the-connector/#1" target="_blank">2011 <em>Vogue </em>feature</a>, Huffington described early-morning yoga and meditation as two of her "joy triggers." Now, Huffington has brought meditation into her company, offering <a href="http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/media/2013/06/8530708/her-cooper-square-hq-arianna-huffington-goes-even-bigger-yoga-meditati" target="_blank">weekly classes</a> for AOL and Huffington Post employees. Huffington has spoken out on the benefits of mindfulness not just for individual health, but also for corporate bottom lines. "Stress-reduction and mindfulness don't just make us happier and healthier, they're a proven competitive advantage for any business that wants one," <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/corporate-wellness_b_2903222.html" target="_blank">she wrote in a recent blog</a>.




  • Ray Dalio, Founder & Co-CIO, Bridgewater Associates USA


    In a 2012 conversation at the John Main Centre for Meditation and Inter-Religious Dialogue at Georgetown University, Dalio <a href="http://vimeo.com/50999847" target="_blank">said</a> that meditation has opened his mind and boosted his mental clarity. "Meditation has given me centeredness and creativity," <a href="http://vimeo.com/50999847" target="_blank">said Dalio</a>. "It's also given me peace and health."




  • Robert Stiller, CEO, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc.


    There is a dedicated <a href="http://www.gmcr.com/continuous-learning.html" target="_blank">meditation room</a> at the Vermont headquarters of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc., and CEO Robert Stiller himself is a devoted practitioner. "If you have a meditation practice, you can be much more effective in a meeting," <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aR2aP.X_Bflw" target="_blank">he told Bloomberg in 2008</a>. "Meditation helps develop your abilities to focus better and to accomplish your tasks."




  • Russell Simmons, Co-Founder, Def Jam Records; Founder of GlobalGrind.com


    Hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons has long practiced Transcendental Meditation, speaking out about the benefits of the practice and sitting on the board of the advisors for the <a href="http://www.davidlynchfoundation.org/" target="_blank">David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and World Peace</a>. "You don't have to believe in meditation for it to work," <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/russell-simmons/why-i-meditate_b_474689.html" target="_blank">Simmons wrote in a Huffington Post blog</a>. "You just have to take the time to do it. The old truth is still true today, 'God helps those who help themselves.' My advice? Meditate."