30Nov
Acid reflux usually occurs due to excessive accumulation of digestive fluids inside the stomach and inappropriate activity of the sphincter (the valve that connects the esophagus to the stomach). In normal conditions, the sphincter should be able to protect the esophagus from stomach gastric acids. The lower esophageal sphincter normally closes the exit of the esophagus by contracting itself. The sphincter should only relax when swallowing foods or fluids, allowing them to enter the stomach. However, due to abnormal pressure at the level of the sphincter or inconstant muscular contractions, the excess of digestive acids inside the stomach is pushed upwards into the esophagus and the throat. There are many factors that facilitate the occurrence of acid reflux and inadequate diet is considered to be one of them.
What is Acid Reflux - Symptom, Causes, Treatments
Acid reflux doesn’t occur all the time and the phenomenon is more likely to appear after a meal abundant in acid foods. The phenomenon is very common in infants and small children and usually disappears with time. However, acid reflux can occur to anyone, at any age. Some people are only confronted with acid reflux after consuming inadequate foods or drinks, while other people are confronted with the condition on a regular time basis, regardless of their diet.
People with acid reflux should consider changing their diet, as the consumption of large amounts of processed, acidic foods at a single meal can cause the regurgitation of the stomach content back into the esophagus and throat. Acid reflux doesn’t occur due to one or two inappropriate meals; the condition is developed in time and can be caused by unhealthy eating habits. After eating large amounts of food at once, (especially acid foods or foods that are rich in proteins) the stomach is not able to digest it and usually produces more gastric acid, in an attempt to dissolve and process the ingested food. Due to the excess of gastric acid, low pressure at the level of the esophagus and inappropriate activity of the lower esophageal sphincter, the stomach content is pushed upwards, causing gastro-esophageal reflux (acid reflux).
A good way to correct the activity of the stomach and to prevent the occurrence of acid reflux is to keep a balanced diet. An appropriate diet and a healthy eating schedule considerably reduce acid reflux. In the case of people who are frequently confronted with acid reflux, surgery can be the best alternative. The simplest form of surgery can be performed through the means of an endoscope and is considered to be a risk-free medical intervention. Surgery fortifies the natural barrier at the union of the esophagus with the stomach, correcting the physiological abnormalities of the sphincter.
Acid reflux is a very common condition and can become serious if it is not appropriately treated. If you suffer from acid reflux, take steps to ameliorate your condition either through the means of medications, diet or surgery. Left untreated, acid reflux can be very dangerous to the body.
Acid reflux’ most common symptom – heartburn
Acid reflux is very common in infants, babies and young children. Acid reflux usually disappears with age, although in some cases it may persist for long periods of time. The condition can also occur in teenagers, adults or elderly people. Acid reflux can cause serious damage at the level of the esophagus, due to its constant exposure to stomach gastric acid. Acid reflux can cause inflammation, swelling and even scarring of the esophageal soft tissue. It is very important to pay attention to the symptoms of acid reflux, and act quickly in overcoming the condition. If acid reflux occurs frequently, it can cause serious complications.
Acid reflux (gastro-esophageal reflux disease) is a physiological condition caused by multiple interconnected factors. In most cases, weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter is responsible for acid reflux, allowing the content of the stomach to be regurgitated upwards, inside the esophagus and the throat. Other factors include: inappropriate diet, excessive production of digestive fluids, low pressure at the level of the esophagus or inappropriate muscular contraction of the sphincter.
Acid reflux has the highest incidence in infants. Although in the case of most babies the symptoms of acid reflux disappear in time, in some cases the condition can persist for years, causing serious harm to the gastro-intestinal system and esophagus. The most common symptoms of acid reflux in infants are: spitting, vomiting, coughing, irritability, discomfort when feeding and the presence of blood in feces.
These common symptoms of acid reflux are characteristic to infants younger than 3 months and usually disappear after the age of 12 months. However, if the condition persists and occurs frequently, serious complications may be developed at the level of the esophagus, throat and gastro-intestinal system. The symptoms of acid reflux which suggest the aggravation of the condition are: growth problems, pronounced pain when feeding, spitting or coughing blood, problems with breathing.
The most common symptoms of acid reflux in adults are: abdominal pain and discomfort (it usually intensifies after meals or when lying down), bad breath, bitter taste in the mouth, excessive secretion of saliva. Not all people who have the symptoms of acid reflux suffer from the condition, as the symptoms of the disorder have an unspecific character. However, most people that have the symptoms of acid reflux more than 2 or 3 times a week may be suffering from a chronic form of the condition.
Symptoms of acid reflux in adults that indicate the possible occurrence of complications are: difficult, painful swallowing, chest burn and aching, poor appetite, nausea, presence of blood in vomit and stools, throat inflammation and pain, breathing difficulties. The symptoms of acid reflux can become very intense, suggesting the aggravation of the condition.
It is very important to timely detect the symptoms of acid reflux and to ask for medical advice. Acid reflux can be overcome through diet, medication or surgery, depending on the seriousness of the condition. If is important to act quickly, as acid reflux can become severe and lead to complications if it is left untreated.
Causes of acid reflux occurrence
As we said before acid reflux is a very common condition. Its causes are various and of multiple natures. For most of the patients, avid reflux is a condition that is the consequence of physiological dysfunctions on the premise of inappropriate activity of the lower esophageal sphincter or excessive pressure inside the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is a valve that normally acts like a barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. For persons without acid reflux, this valve opens during swallowing foods, otherwise remains closed. If this valve is weakened or its integrity is compromised because of a physical trauma, the content of the stomach can be easily regurgitated inside the esophagus and the oral cavity.
Along with the upper mentioned cause of acid reflux development we have to mention another physiological cause which is excessive pressure at the level of the abdomen which pushes the content of the stomach upward to the esophagus. This cause is frequently seen in obese people, pregnant women or smokers.
Acid reflux is sometimes associated with hiatal hernia. Hiatal hernia usually occurs when the upper wall of the stomach moves above the diaphragm. Even if this is only a supposition that has not been yet confirmed, specialists believe that there is a connection between hiatal hernia and acid reflux. The very interesting thing is that many patients that suffer of acid reflux also suffer of hiatal hernia, while very few of those with hiatal hernia suffer of acid reflux.
Many drugs can stimulate the overproduction of gastric acid inside the body so we can also consider drugs another cause of acid reflux.
Diet is also a cause for acid reflux. Inappropriate diet that consists of acidic, irritant foods contribute to the occurrence of acid reflux by generating the overproduction of stomach acidand causing relaxation for the esophageal valve.
Treatments for acid reflux
Read: Health topics: what natural remedy options are there for acid reflux?
For treating this condition doctors usually prescribe medicines that normalize the stomach’s production of gastric acid. Knowing that most of the cases of acid reflux involve overproduction of digestive fluids and pepsin at the level of the stomach, we can say that the treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux disease is very similar to the treatment of ulcer or gastritis.
The most frequently used medicines are antacids. Even if we know that these medicines provide rapid symptomatic relief for acid reflux sufferers we should also know that these medications also have some minuses. Antacids have only temporary action of controlling the acidity of the stomach. More than that, these antacids can not ameliorate acid reflux symptoms in more serious forms of disease.
Not like other acid reflux medications, acid reducers proved to be more effective in decreasing the intensity and the frequency of heartburn and any other specific symptoms of the gastro-esophageal disease. Strong acid reducers can be purchased only with medical prescription, while less strong acid reducers are available without any prescription. As we said earlier, antacids are effective about two or three hours while a single dose of acid reducers can prevent the occurrence of acid reflux during the entire day.
Acid reducers can be used either in short-term medical treatments or in long-term medical treatments. The most frequently prescribed acid reducer is ranitidine. Ranitidine is effective in overcoming non-complicated forms of acid reflux disease. It was noticed that 6 weeks of treatment with ranitidine can completely eliminate the symptoms of acid reflux for most of the people with this disorder. For more complicated cases specialists might prescribe a different treatment such as cimetidine or famotidine. The side effects of acid reducers are usually experienced by persons who receive an ongoing treatment and might lead to headache, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, constipation or diarrhea.
Weight and its connection with acid reflux
Acid reflux is defined as being a condition that involves regurgitation of the stomach’s content inside the upper level of the esophageal tract. This condition is usually caused by acquired or genetically inherited physiological dysfunctions such as high pressure inside the abdomen or inappropriate activity to the lower esophageal sphincter which is a ring shaped muscular valve that connects the esophagus to the stomach. Even if we know that inappropriate diet and unhealthy lifestyle greatly contribute to the occurrence of acid reflux we still know that in most of the cases this condition occurs as a consequence of physiological abnormalities.
Obesity is believed to be a common risk factor for leading to reflux disease. Because of the increased abdominal pressure, obese persons are commonly confronted with acid reflux. Studies also proved this fact and concluded that even the slightest gain in weight can facilitate the occurrence of acid reflux. More than that, medical scientists sustain that people who experience difficulties in maintaining a constant weight are very likely to suffer of acid reflux.
Until later studies, the connection between acid reflux and body weight was vague because of the lack of conclusive evidence and so specialists could only have hunches upon this matter. However, later studies proved that the connection between weight gain and acid reflux disease exists.
In order to sustain their affirmation, specialists have calculated the incidence of acid reflux in women, judging by the body mass index of the subjects. The study referred to 10.000 women that participated to the study and had to complete several questions in a questionnaire. The questionnaire asked for information about the occurrence of acid reflux in the past and about the intensity, frequency and duration of the symptoms. About 20 percent of the subjects answered affirmative to the first question, while a smaller number of participants were still confronted with the condition at the day of study. More than 50 percent of the participants agreed that they experience moderate or intense symptoms.
The study proved that the incidence and the seriousness of acid reflux increased gradually according with body weight.